에볼루션 무료 바카라 - Teaching About Evolution
Despite the best efforts of biology teachers, there are still misconceptions about the evolution. People who have been exposed to popular science myths often assume that biologists don't believe in evolution.
This rich Web site, which is a complement to the PBS program that provides teachers with resources that promote evolution education, while avoiding the kinds of misconceptions that hinder it. It's laid out in a "bread crumb" format to facilitate navigation and orientation.
Definitions
Evolution is a complex and challenging subject to teach effectively. It is often misunderstood by non-scientists, and even scientists have been guilty of using an interpretation that is confusing the issue. This is especially relevant to discussions about the definition of the word itself.
It is important to define terms that are used in evolutionary biology. The website for the PBS show, Understanding Evolution, does this in a clear and helpful manner. The site is both an accompaniment to the 2001 series, and also a resource of its own. The material is presented in a structured manner that makes it simpler to navigate and understand.
The site defines terms such as common ancestor and gradual process. These terms help to define the nature and relationship of evolution with other scientific concepts. The site also provides an overview of how the concept of evolution has been researched and verified. This information can help dispel the myths that are created by the creationists.
You can also consult a glossary that includes terms that are used in evolutionary biology. These terms include:
Adaptation: The tendency of heritable traits to become better adaptable to a specific environment. This is the result of natural selection. Organisms that have better-adapted traits are more likely than those with less adaptable characteristics to survive and reproduce.
Common ancestor: The latest common ancestor of two or more species. The common ancestor can be identified through analyzing the DNA of the species.
Deoxyribonucleic acid: A large biological molecule that contains information needed for cell replication. The information is contained in a sequence of nucleotides that are strung together to form long chains, also known as chromosomes. Mutations are the cause of new genetic information within cells.
Coevolution is a relationship between two species where evolutionary changes in one species are dependent on evolutionary changes in the other. Coevolution can be observed through the interaction between predator and prey, or parasites and hosts.
Origins
Species (groups that can interbreed) change through a series of natural changes in the traits of their offspring. These changes are caused by a variety of causes such as natural selection, genetic drift, and gene pool mixing. The development of new species can take thousands of years. Environmental circumstances, such as climate changes or competition for food resources and habitat can impede or accelerate the process.
The Evolution site tracks through time the evolution of different animal and plant groups with a focus on major changes within each group's past. It also explores human evolution and is a subject of particular importance to students.
When Darwin wrote the Origin in 1859, only a handful of antediluvian human fossils had been found. Among them was the famous skullcap and bones that were discovered in 1856 at the Little Feldhofer Grotto in Germany, which is now known to be an early Homo neanderthalensis. Although the skullcap was not published until 1858, just one year after the first edition of the Origin appeared, it is extremely unlikely that Darwin had ever heard of it.
While the site focuses on biology, it also contains a wealth of information about geology and paleontology. The site offers numerous features that are particularly impressive, such as a timeline of the way that climate and geological conditions have changed over time. It also has a map showing the distribution of fossil groups.
The site is a companion for the PBS television series, but it could also be used as a resource for teachers and students. The site is well-organized, and provides clear links to the introduction content of Understanding Evolution (developed under the National Science Foundation's assistance) and the more specific features of the museum's website. These links facilitate the transition from the engaging cartoon style of the Understanding Evolution pages to the more sophisticated world of research science. Particularly, there are links to John Endler's experiments using Guppies, which demonstrate the importance of ecology in evolutionary theory.
Diversity
The evolution of life on Earth has produced a diversity of animals, plants and insects. Paleobiology is the study of these creatures in their geological context and has numerous advantages over the current observational and experimental methods for analyzing evolutionary processes. In addition to studying processes and events that occur frequently or over a long period of time, paleobiology is able to analyze the relative abundance of different species of organisms and their distribution in space over the geological time.
The website is divided into a variety of pathways to understanding evolution that include "Evolution 101," which takes the viewer on a line through the science of nature and the evidence that supports the theory of evolution. The course also focuses on misconceptions about evolution and also the history of evolutionary thought.
Each of the main sections on the Evolution website is equally well-developed, and includes materials that support a variety levels of curriculum and teaching methods. The site offers a wide array of interactive and multimedia resources that include videos, animations, and virtual laboratories in addition to general textual content. The breadcrumb-like structure of the content aids in navigation and orientation on the large web site.
For instance, the page "Coral Reef Connections" provides an overview of coral relationships and their interaction with other organisms. It then concentrates on a specific clam that is able to communicate with its neighbors and react to changes in water conditions at the reef level. This page, as well as the other multidisciplinary, multimedia, and interactive pages on the site, offer an excellent introduction to a wide range of topics in evolutionary biology. The material includes an overview of the significance of natural selectivity and the concept phylogenetics analysis, an important method for understanding the evolution of change.
Evolutionary Theory
For biology students the concept of evolution is a major thread that binds all the branches of the field. A rich collection supports teaching evolution across the life science disciplines.
One resource, the companion to PBS's TV series Understanding Evolution is an excellent example of a Web page that offers both depth as well as breadth in terms of its educational resources. The site has a variety of interactive learning modules. It also has a "bread crumb structure" that allows students to move away from the cartoon-like style used in Understanding Evolution and onto elements on this large website more closely linked to the realms of research science. For instance, an animation introducing the concept of genetic inheritance links to a page highlighting John Endler's experiments with artificial selection with guppies from the native ponds of Trinidad.
The Evolution Library on this website has a huge multimedia library of materials that deal with evolution. The content is organized into the form of curriculum-based pathways that are in line with the learning goals set forth in the standards for biology. It includes seven short videos designed specifically for use in classrooms, and can be streamed at no cost or purchased on DVD.
Evolutionary biology remains a field of study with a lot of important questions to answer, such as the causes of evolution and how fast it happens. This is particularly true in the case of human evolution, where it was difficult to reconcile religious beliefs that held that humanity has a special place in creation and a soul with the idea that innate physical traits were derived from Apes.
Additionally there are a variety of ways that evolution could occur, with natural selection being the most widely accepted theory. Scientists also study different types like mutation, genetic drift, and sexual selection.
Although many scientific fields of study conflict with the literal interpretations of religious texts, the concept of evolution biology has been the subject of intense debate and resistance from religious fundamentalists. While some religions have been able to reconcile their beliefs with the ideas of evolution, other religions have not.